The Science of Cleaning: Why Just 'Clean' Often Suffices Over Disinfection
The word “disinfection” has become a buzzword, especially in times when cleanliness seems synonymous with safety. However, the truth is that ‘clean’ often suffices, and disinfection is not always necessary. Understanding the science behind cleaning can not only save you time and money but also contribute to a healthier living environment. Here’s why:
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The Importance of Cleaning
Cleaning is the process of removing dirt, grime, and impurities from surfaces. It doesn’t necessarily kill bacteria or viruses, but it does lower their numbers and thus the risk of spreading infection. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), cleaning with soap and water can effectively remove germs from surfaces, reducing the risk of infection.
“Cleaning and Disinfecting Your Home.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC Info ↩
General Guidelines for Cleaning Frequency
Here are some standard suggestions for “How often should I clean…” various household rooms:
Why 'Clean' is Often Enough
The basic act of cleaning (soap and water) can remove up to 99% of germs from surfaces, according to multiple studies. Unless you’re living in an environment with particularly high risks — such as a home with immunocompromised individuals — regular cleaning practices are often sufficient for maintaining a healthy space without needing bleaches and heavy chemicals that can irritate your respiratory system (lungs and throat).
-Boone, S. A., & Gerba, C. P. (2007). “Significance of fomites in the spread of respiratory and enteric viral disease.” Applied and environmental microbiology, 73(6), 1687-1696. Link ↩
Easier on Surfaces
Regular disinfecting can be harsh on certain surfaces, causing them to degrade over time. On the other hand, gentle cleaning agents are usually less abrasive, maintaining the integrity and appearance of the material.
Fewer Chemicals
Disinfectants often contain a wide array of chemicals, some of which might cause allergic reactions or are harmful if ingested. Cleaning usually involves fewer chemicals, reducing these risks.
No Residue
Some disinfectants can leave behind a chemical residue that requires an additional cleaning step to remove. With simple cleaning, there’s usually no need to rinse or wipe down the surface again. You don’t want to eat this residue, it need to be cleaned off before preparing food. Back to soap and water anyways!
The Limits of Disinfection
Contrary to popular belief, disinfection is not always superior to cleaning. Overuse of disinfectants can lead to antimicrobial resistance. Also, the chemicals in disinfectants may pose health risks if not used as directed, including skin irritation or respiratory issues.
Webber, D. J., & Rutala, W. A. (2006). “Role of antimicrobial resistance in infection control guidelines.” American Journal of Infection Control, 34(5), S46-S53. Link ↩
Best Practices for Effective Cleaning
Use Soap: Soaps work by breaking down fats and oils, making it easier to remove dirt and debris.
Water Temperature: While hot water can be more effective for certain tasks, cold or lukewarm water is often sufficient for general cleaning.
Proper Techniques: Scrubbing and rinsing are as crucial as the cleaning agent used. A thorough scrub can remove most visible dirt and many invisible germs.
Frequency: Consistent and regular cleaning is more effective than occasional deep cleans. Adhering to a schedule can keep your environment consistently clean and healthy.
Conclusion
While disinfection has its place, particularly in healthcare settings or during outbreaks of contagious diseases, for most households, good old-fashioned cleaning is often sufficient. The key is to understand when each method is appropriate and to apply best practices for effective cleaning. So the next time you reach for a disinfectant, ask yourself if ‘clean’ would suffice. Often, the answer will be yes.
